Railway
The electrification of railways requires a large amount of copper and copper alloys. More than 2 tons of profiled copper wire are required for overhead conductors per kilometer. In order to increase its strength, a small amount of copper (about 1%) or silver (about of%) is often added. In addition, the motors, rectifiers, and control, braking, electrical, and signal systems on the train rely on copper and copper alloys to operate.